Manages deprecation and migration. Use when removing old systems, APIs, or features. Use when migrating users from one implementation to another. Use when migrating a database schema in production, su
Install
The skill file stays in the publisher's repository.
Paste the copied command in a terminal. It installs this SKILL.md into that agent.
npx skills add addyosmani/agent-skills --skill deprecation-and-migration -a cursor -y
Manages deprecation and migration. Use when removing old systems, APIs, or features. Use when migrating users from one implementation to another. Use when migrating a database schema in production, such as renaming or dropping a column without downtime (expand/contract). Use when deciding whether to maintain or sunset existing code.
name: deprecation-and-migration
description: Manages deprecation and migration. Use when removing old systems, APIs, or features. Use when migrating users from one implementation to another. Use when migrating a database schema in production, such as renaming or dropping a column without downtime (expand/contract). Use when deciding whether to maintain or sunset existing code.
Deprecation and Migration
Overview
Code is a liability, not an asset. Every line of code has ongoing maintenance cost — bugs to fix, dependencies to update, security patches to apply, and new engineers to onboard. Deprecation is the discipline of removing code that no longer earns its keep, and migration is the process of moving users safely from the old to the new.
Most engineering organizations are good at building things. Few are good at removing them. This skill addresses that gap.
When to Use
Replacing an old system, API, or library with a new one
Sunsetting a feature that's no longer needed
Consolidating duplicate implementations
Removing dead code that nobody owns but everybody depends on
Planning the lifecycle of a new system (deprecation planning starts at design time)
Deciding whether to maintain a legacy system or invest in migration
Core Principles
Code Is a Liability
Every line of code has ongoing cost: it needs tests, documentation, security patches, dependency updates, and mental overhead for anyone working nearby. The value of code is the functionality it provides, not the code itself. When the same functionality can be provided with less code, less complexity, or better abstractions — the old code should go.
Hyrum's Law Makes Removal Hard
With enough users, every observable behavior becomes depended on — including bugs, timing quirks, and undocumented side effects. This is why deprecation requires active migration, not just announcement. Users can't "just switch" when they depend on behaviors the replacement doesn't replicate.
Deprecation Planning Starts at Design Time
When building something new, ask: "How would we remove this in 3 years?" Systems designed with clean interfaces, feature flags, and minimal surface area are easier to deprecate than systems that leak implementation details everywhere.
The Deprecation Decision
Before deprecating anything, answer these questions:
1. Does this system still provide unique value?
→ If yes, maintain it. If no, proceed.
2. How many users/consumers depend on it?
→ Quantify the migration scope.
3. Does a replacement exist?
→ If no, build the replacement first. Don't deprecate without an alternative.
4. What's the migration cost for each consumer?
→ If trivially automated, do it. If manual and high-effort, weigh against maintenance cost.
5. What's the ongoing maintenance cost of NOT deprecating?
→ Security risk, engineer time, opportunity cost of complexity.
Compulsory vs Advisory Deprecation
Type
When to Use
Mechanism
Advisory
Migration is optional, old system is stable
Warnings, documentation, nudges. Users migrate on their own timeline.
Compulsory
Old system has security issues, blocks progress, or maintenance cost is unsustainable
Hard deadline. Old system will be removed by date X. Provide migration tooling.
Default to advisory. Use compulsory only when the maintenance cost or risk justifies forcing migration. Compulsory deprecation requires providing migration tooling, documentation, and support — you can't just announce a deadline.
The Migration Process
Step 1: Build the Replacement
Don't deprecate without a working alternative. The replacement must:
Cover all critical use cases of the old system
Have documentation and migration guides
Be proven in production (not just "theoretically better")
Step 2: Announce and Document
## Deprecation Notice: OldService
**Status:** Deprecated as of 2025-03-01
**Replacement:** NewService (see migration guide below)
**Removal date:** Advisory — no hard deadline yet
**Reason:** OldService requires manual scaling and lacks observability.
NewService handles both automatically.
### Migration Guide
1. Replace `import { client } from 'old-service'` with `import { client } from 'new-service'`
2. Update configuration (see examples below)
3. Run the migration verification script: `npx migrate-check`
Step 3: Migrate Incrementally
Migrate consumers one at a time, not all at once. For each consumer:
1. Identify all touchpoints with the deprecated system
2. Update to use the replacement
3. Verify behavior matches (tests, integration checks)
4. Remove references to the old system
5. Confirm no regressions
The Churn Rule: If you own the infrastructure being deprecated, you are responsible for migrating your users — or providing backward-compatible updates that require no migration. Don't announce deprecation and leave users to figure it out.
Step 4: Remove the Old System
Only after all consumers have migrated:
1. Verify zero active usage (metrics, logs, dependency analysis)
2. Remove the code
3. Remove associated tests, documentation, and configuration
4. Remove the deprecation notices
5. Celebrate — removing code is an achievement
Migration Patterns
Strangler Pattern
Run old and new systems in parallel. Route traffic incrementally from old to new. When the old system handles 0% of traffic, remove it.
Phase 1: New system handles 0%, old handles 100%
Phase 2: New system handles 10% (canary)
Phase 3: New system handles 50%
Phase 4: New system handles 100%, old system idle
Phase 5: Remove old system
Adapter Pattern
Create an adapter that translates calls from the old interface to the new implementation. Consumers keep using the old interface while you migrate the backend.
// Adapter: old interface, new implementation
class LegacyTaskService implements OldTaskAPI {
constructor(private newService: NewTaskService) {}
// Old method signature, delegates to new implementation
getTask(id: number): OldTask {
const task = this.newService.findById(String(id));
return this.toOldFormat(task);
}
}
Feature Flag Migration
Use feature flags to switch consumers from old to new system one at a time:
function getTaskService(userId: string): TaskService {
if (featureFlags.isEnabled('new-task-service', { userId })) {
return new NewTaskService();
}
return new LegacyTaskService();
}
Database Schema Migrations (Expand/Contract)
A schema change is the riskiest migration because the data is the one thing you cannot roll back by reverting a deploy. The failure mode is coupling the schema change to the code change: rename a column in the same release that starts using the new name, and during the rollout window — when old and new code run at once — one of them is querying a column that doesn't exist. The fix is to never change a column in place. Migrate in additive phases so old and new code are both valid at every step.
EXPAND ──────────────→ MIGRATE ──────────────→ CONTRACT
add the new column, backfill existing rows, once no code reads the
nullable, alongside dual-write old+new from old column, drop it in
the old one the app a later, separate deploy
Dual-write. App writes both name and full_name on every insert/update. Deploy.
Backfill. Copy name → full_name for existing rows, in batches, so you don't lock the table.
Switch reads. Point the app at full_name, keep writing both. Deploy and bake.
Contract. Stop writing name, then — in a separate, later deploy — drop the column.
Each step is independently deployable and reversible: if step 4 misbehaves, roll the code back and full_name is still being populated. Treat each phase as a thin vertical slice — see the incremental-implementation skill.
Rules:
Additive first, destructive last and alone. Adds (new nullable column, new table, new index) are safe in any deploy; drops and renames get their own deploy after no code references the old shape.
Every migration has a tested down path. A migration you can't reverse is a deploy you can't roll back. Write and run the down before merging.
Backfill in batches, off the hot path. A single UPDATE over millions of rows locks the table; chunk it and throttle.
Build large indexes without blocking writes (e.g. Postgres CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY).
Decouple from code by feature flag when the cutover is risky, exactly as in the Feature Flag Migration pattern above.
Zombie Code
Zombie code is code that nobody owns but everybody depends on. It's not actively maintained, has no clear owner, and accumulates security vulnerabilities and compatibility issues. Signs:
No commits in 6+ months but active consumers exist
No assigned maintainer or team
Failing tests that nobody fixes
Dependencies with known vulnerabilities that nobody updates
Documentation that references systems that no longer exist
Response: Either assign an owner and maintain it properly, or deprecate it with a concrete migration plan. Zombie code cannot stay in limbo — it either gets investment or removal.
Common Rationalizations
Rationalization
Reality
"It still works, why remove it?"
Working code that nobody maintains accumulates security debt and complexity. Maintenance cost grows silently.
"Someone might need it later"
If it's needed later, it can be rebuilt. Keeping unused code "just in case" costs more than rebuilding.
"The migration is too expensive"
Compare migration cost to ongoing maintenance cost over 2-3 years. Migration is usually cheaper long-term.
"We'll deprecate it after we finish the new system"
Deprecation planning starts at design time. By the time the new system is done, you'll have new priorities. Plan now.
"Users will migrate on their own"
They won't. Provide tooling, documentation, and incentives — or do the migration yourself (the Churn Rule).
"We can maintain both systems indefinitely"
Two systems doing the same thing is double the maintenance, testing, documentation, and onboarding cost.
"Just rename the column, it's one line"
During the rollout, old and new code run together — one will query a column that no longer exists. Expand/contract, never rename in place.
"I'll add the column and drop the old one in the same migration"
That couples a safe add to a destructive drop. Drops get their own deploy, after no code references the old shape.
"We'll write the rollback if we need it"
A migration with no down path is a deploy you can't reverse. Write and run the down before merging.
Red Flags
Deprecated systems with no replacement available
Deprecation announcements with no migration tooling or documentation
"Soft" deprecation that's been advisory for years with no progress
Zombie code with no owner and active consumers
New features added to a deprecated system (invest in the replacement instead)
Deprecation without measuring current usage
Removing code without verifying zero active consumers
A schema change and the code that depends on it shipped in the same deploy
A column renamed or dropped in place rather than via expand/contract
A migration merged with no tested down path, or a backfill that locks the table
Verification
After completing a deprecation:
Replacement is production-proven and covers all critical use cases
Migration guide exists with concrete steps and examples
All active consumers have been migrated (verified by metrics/logs)
Old code, tests, documentation, and configuration are fully removed
No references to the deprecated system remain in the codebase
Deprecation notices are removed (they served their purpose)
After a database schema migration:
The change ships in additive phases (expand → backfill → contract), not a single in-place edit
Old and new code are both valid against the schema at every deploy step
Each migration has a tested down path; backfills run in throttled batches
Destructive steps (drop/rename) ship in their own deploy after no code references the old shape
How do I install deprecation-and-migration?
Download skills/deprecation-and-migration/SKILL.md from the publisher, or copy the path and open the repository. PlugMCP lists the skill and does not host the file.
Where does deprecation-and-migration live?
The publisher keeps it at https://github.com/addyosmani/agent-skills.
Which agents can use deprecation-and-migration?
Claude, Cursor, and Codex can read a SKILL.md you add from the publisher's repository.